To meet the intent of CMMI practices, what must an organization have?

The correct answer reflects an important aspect of CMMI practices which emphasize the need for effective governance and oversight within an organization. A centralized management structure aids in ensuring that processes align with the organization's goals and strategies, thereby enabling effective communication and decision-making. It integrates various functions across the organization and is essential for the maturity and coherence of development practices.

This management centralization allows for the establishment of consistent processes and practices that can be monitored and improved over time. With a centralized approach, organizations can better implement CMMI standards, ensuring that there is accountability and clarity in roles regarding process adherence and improvement initiatives.

The other options, while potentially relevant to various aspects of process improvement, do not encapsulate the broad, foundational governance aspect that a centralized management structure provides in the context of implementing CMMI practices. For instance, having a process for each Capability Area, while valuable, doesn’t ensure the organization-wide approach necessary for uniformity and effectiveness in CMMI adoption. Similarly, a comprehensive training program or a process for stakeholder engagement are important but can be supported more effectively under a strong central management structure.